GixEsperiene

Shell Script esempio ciclo while

2012-01-30T09:41:00.001-08:00

#!/usr/bin/ksh
while :
do
read a b c d e f g h
if [ $? -ne 0 ]
        then
                break
        fi

echo $1,$2,$3,$4,$5,$6,$7,$8 >> /tmp/alarm.sandro

done < /tmp/allarmi.txt

Shell Script espressioni utili AWK

2012-01-30T09:38:00.001-08:00

HANDY ONE-LINERS FOR AWK 22 July 2003

compiled by Eric Pement version 0.22

Latest version of this file is usually at:

http://www.student.northpark.edu/pemente/awk/awk1line.txt

USAGE:

Unix: awk '/pattern/ {print "$1"}' # standard Unix shells

DOS/Win: awk '/pattern/ {print "$1"}' # okay for DJGPP compiled

awk "/pattern/ {print \"$1\"}" # required for Mingw32

Most of my experience comes from version of GNU awk (gawk) compiled for

Win32. Note in particular that DJGPP compilations permit the awk script

to follow Unix quoting syntax '/like/ {"this"}'. However, the user must

know that single quotes under DOS/Windows do not protect the redirection

arrows (<, >) nor do they protect pipes (|). Both are special symbols

for the DOS/CMD command shell and their special meaning is ignored only

if they are placed within "double quotes." Likewise, DOS/Win users must

remember that the percent sign (%) is used to mark DOS/Win environment

variables, so it must be doubled (%%) to yield a single percent sign

visible to awk.

If I am sure that a script will NOT need to be quoted in Unix, DOS, or

CMD, then I normally omit the quote marks. If an example is peculiar to

GNU awk, the command 'gawk' will be used. Please notify me if you find

errors or new commands to add to this list (total length under 65

characters). I usually try to put the shortest script first.

FILE SPACING:

# double space a file

awk '1;{print ""}'

awk 'BEGIN{ORS="\n\n"};1'

# double space a file which already has blank lines in it. Output file

# should contain no more than one blank line between lines of text.

# NOTE: On Unix systems, DOS lines which have only CRLF (\r\n) are

# often treated as non-blank, and thus 'NF' alone will return TRUE.

awk 'NF{print $0 "\n"}'

# triple space a file

awk '1;{print "\n"}'

NUMBERING AND CALCULATIONS:

# precede each line by its line number FOR THAT FILE (left alignment).

# Using a tab (\t) instead of space will preserve margins.

awk '{print FNR "\t" $0}' files*

# precede each line by its line number FOR ALL FILES TOGETHER, with tab.

awk '{print NR "\t" $0}' files*

# number each line of a file (number on left, right-aligned)

# Double the percent signs if typing from the DOS command prompt.

awk '{printf("%5d : %s\n", NR,$0)}'

# number each line of file, but only print numbers if line is not blank

# Remember caveats about Unix treatment of \r (mentioned above)

awk 'NF{$0=++a " :" $0};{print}'

awk '{print (NF? ++a " :" :"") $0}'

# count lines (emulates "wc -l")

awk 'END{print NR}'

# print the sums of the fields of every line

awk '{s=0; for (i=1; i<=NF; i++) s=s+$i; print s}'

# add all fields in all lines and print the sum

awk '{for (i=1; i<=NF; i++) s=s+$i}; END{print s}'

# print every line after replacing each field with its absolute value

awk '{for (i=1; i<=NF; i++) if ($i < 0) $i = -$i; print }'

awk '{for (i=1; i<=NF; i++) $i = ($i < 0) ? -$i : $i; print }'

# print the total number of fields ("words") in all lines

awk '{ total = total + NF }; END {print total}' file

# print the total number of lines that contain "Beth"

awk '/Beth/{n++}; END {print n+0}' file

# print the largest first field and the line that contains it

# Intended for finding the longest string in field #1

awk '$1 > max {max=$1; maxline=$0}; END{ print max, maxline}'

# print the number of fields in each line, followed by the line

awk '{ print NF ":" $0 } '

# print the last field of each line

awk '{ print $NF }'

# print the last field of the last line

awk '{ field = $NF }; END{ print field }'

# print every line with more than 4 fields

awk 'NF > 4'

# print every line where the value of the last field is > 4

awk '$NF > 4'

TEXT CONVERSION AND SUBSTITUTION:

# IN UNIX ENVIRONMENT: convert DOS newlines (CR/LF) to Unix format

awk '{sub(/\r$/,"");print}' # assumes EACH line ends with Ctrl-M

# IN UNIX ENVIRONMENT: convert Unix newlines (LF) to DOS format

awk '{sub(/$/,"\r");print}

# IN DOS ENVIRONMENT: convert Unix newlines (LF) to DOS format

awk 1

# IN DOS ENVIRONMENT: convert DOS newlines (CR/LF) to Unix format

# Cannot be done with DOS versions of awk, other than gawk:

gawk -v BINMODE="w" '1' infile >outfile

# Use "tr" instead.

tr -d \r outfile # GNU tr version 1.22 or higher

# delete leading whitespace (spaces, tabs) from front of each line

# aligns all text flush left

awk '{sub(/^[ \t]+/, ""); print}'

# delete trailing whitespace (spaces, tabs) from end of each line

awk '{sub(/[ \t]+$/, "");print}'

# delete BOTH leading and trailing whitespace from each line

awk '{gsub(/^[ \t]+|[ \t]+$/,"");print}'

awk '{$1=$1;print}' # also removes extra space between fields

# insert 5 blank spaces at beginning of each line (make page offset)

awk '{sub(/^/, " ");print}'

# align all text flush right on a 79-column width

awk '{printf "%79s\n", $0}' file*

# center all text on a 79-character width

awk '{l=length();s=int((79-l)/2); printf "%"(s+l)"s\n",$0}' file*

# substitute (find and replace) "foo" with "bar" on each line

awk '{sub(/foo/,"bar");print}' # replaces only 1st instance

gawk '{$0=gensub(/foo/,"bar",4);print}' # replaces only 4th instance

awk '{gsub(/foo/,"bar");print}' # replaces ALL instances in a line

# substitute "foo" with "bar" ONLY for lines which contain "baz"

awk '/baz/{gsub(/foo/, "bar")};{print}'

# substitute "foo" with "bar" EXCEPT for lines which contain "baz"

awk '!/baz/{gsub(/foo/, "bar")};{print}'

# change "scarlet" or "ruby" or "puce" to "red"

awk '{gsub(/scarlet|ruby|puce/, "red"); print}'

# reverse order of lines (emulates "tac")

awk '{a[i++]=$0} END {for (j=i-1; j>=0;) print a[j--] }' file*

# if a line ends with a backslash, append the next line to it

# (fails if there are multiple lines ending with backslash...)

awk '/\\$/ {sub(/\\$/,""); getline t; print $0 t; next}; 1' file*

# print and sort the login names of all users

awk -F ":" '{ print $1 | "sort" }' /etc/passwd

# print the first 2 fields, in opposite order, of every line

awk '{print $2, $1}' file

# switch the first 2 fields of every line

awk '{temp = $1; $1 = $2; $2 = temp}' file

# print every line, deleting the second field of that line

awk '{ $2 = ""; print }'

# print in reverse order the fields of every line

awk '{for (i=NF; i>0; i--) printf("%s ",i);printf ("\n")}' file

# remove duplicate, consecutive lines (emulates "uniq")

awk 'a !~ $0; {a=$0}'

# remove duplicate, nonconsecutive lines

awk '! a[$0]++' # most concise script

awk '!($0 in a) {a[$0];print}' # most efficient script

# concatenate every 5 lines of input, using a comma separator

# between fields

awk 'ORS=%NR%5?",":"\n"' file

SELECTIVE PRINTING OF CERTAIN LINES:

# print first 10 lines of file (emulates behavior of "head")

awk 'NR < 11'

# print first line of file (emulates "head -1")

awk 'NR>1{exit};1'

# print the last 2 lines of a file (emulates "tail -2")

awk '{y=x "\n" $0; x=$0};END{print y}'

# print the last line of a file (emulates "tail -1")

awk 'END{print}'

# print only lines which match regular expression (emulates "grep")

awk '/regex/'

# print only lines which do NOT match regex (emulates "grep -v")

awk '!/regex/'

# print the line immediately before a regex, but not the line

# containing the regex

awk '/regex/{print x};{x=$0}'

awk '/regex/{print (x=="" ? "match on line 1" : x)};{x=$0}'

# print the line immediately after a regex, but not the line

# containing the regex

awk '/regex/{getline;print}'

# grep for AAA and BBB and CCC (in any order)

awk '/AAA/; /BBB/; /CCC/'

# grep for AAA and BBB and CCC (in that order)

awk '/AAA.*BBB.*CCC/'

# print only lines of 65 characters or longer

awk 'length > 64'

# print only lines of less than 65 characters

awk 'length < 64'

# print section of file from regular expression to end of file

awk '/regex/,0'

awk '/regex/,EOF'

# print section of file based on line numbers (lines 8-12, inclusive)

awk 'NR==8,NR==12'

# print line number 52

awk 'NR==52'

awk 'NR==52 {print;exit}' # more efficient on large files

# print section of file between two regular expressions (inclusive)

awk '/Iowa/,/Montana/' # case sensitive

SELECTIVE DELETION OF CERTAIN LINES:

# delete ALL blank lines from a file (same as "grep '.' ")

awk NF

awk '/./'

CREDITS AND THANKS:

Shell Script esempi SED

2012-01-30T09:37:00.000-08:00

cat | grep -n | sed -n -e '2,$p'

stampa dalla seconda riga in poi.

- stampa tutte le linee di un file tranne i commenti (iniziano con '#')

cat $FILE | sed -e '/^#/d'

- stampa tutte le linee che iniziano con un numero

cat $FILE | sed -n "/^[0-9]/p"

- stampa tutte le linee che NON iniziano con un numero

cat $FILE | sed -n "/^[0-9]/p"

- rimuove tutte le linee vuote (costituite solo da \n)

cat $FILE | sed -e "/^$/d"

- rimuove tutte le linee formate da spazi (e seguite da \n)

cat $FILE | sed -e "/^[ ][ ]*$/d"

- rimuove tutte le linee che contengono 'exportPIPPO'

sed "/export[ | ]*PIPPO/d" $FILE

- rimuove il path di un filename

echo "/usr/bin/prova" | sed -e "s/.*\///"

scrive: prova

- scrive solo il path

echo "/usr/bin/prova" | sed -e "s/\/[^\/]*$//"

scrive: /usr/bin

- stampa la 'n'esima riga di un file (nell'esempio la 5a)

sed -n -e "5p" $FILE

- stampa le righe di un file (nell'esempio dalla 2a alla 5a)

sed -n -e "2,5p" $FILE

- esempi di sostituzioni:

sed "s/\"/ /g" .. sostituisce tutte le '"' con space

sed "s/,/ /g" .. sostituisce tutte le ',' con space

sed 's:bin::' .. sostituisce il primo 'bin' con nulla

- esempi di estrazioni:

- id | sed -n "/^uid=[0-9]*($[^)]*$).*/s//\1/p"

estrae: nome dell'user

- echo "-T100" | sed 's/^-T//'

estrae: 100

- estrae i campi user e home (il 1o e il 6o) dal file /etc/passwd e formatta:

cat /etc/passwd | sed 's/$[^:]*$:.*:$.*$:[^:]*$/_dir=\2 _user=\1/'

scrive: _dir=/ _user=root

...

_dir=/home/bellina _user=bellina

ESX enable ssh and snmp

2012-01-30T09:32:00.000-08:00

Enable SSH on ESX 3.5

ESXi 3.5 doesship with the ability to run SSH, but this is disabled by default (and is notsupported). If you just need to access the console of ESXi, then you only needto perform steps 1 - 3.

1) At theconsole of the ESXi host, press ALT-F1 to access the console window.
2) Enter unsupported in the console and then press Enter. Youwill not see the text you type in.
3) If you typed in unsupported correctly, you will see the Tech Support Modewarning and a password prompt. Enter the password for the root login.
4) You should then see the prompt of ~ #. Edit the file inetd.conf (enter thecommand vi /etc/inetd.conf).
5) Find the line that begins with #ssh and remove the #. Then save the file. Ifyou're new to using vi, then move the cursor down to #ssh line and then pressthe Insert key. Move the cursor over one space and then hitbackspace to delete the #. Then press ESC and type in :wqto save the file and exit vi. If you make a mistake, you can press the ESCkey and then type it :q! to quit vi without saving the file.
6) Once you've closed the vi editor, run the command /sbin/services.shrestart to restart the management services. You'll now be able toconnect to the ESXi host with a SSH client.

Tip -with some applications like WinSCP, the default encryption cipher used is AES.If you change that to Blowfish you will likely see significantly fastertransfers.

Update for ESXi 3.5 Update 2 - With Update 2 the service.sh command nolonger restarts the inetd process which enables SSH access. You can eitherrestart your host or run ps | grep inetd to determine theprocess ID for the inetd process. The output of the command will be somethinglike 1299 1299 busybox inetd, and the process IDis 1299. Then run kill -HUP (kill -HUP 1299in this example) and you'll then be able to access the host via SSH.

ENABLE SSH AND SNMP ON ESX

There are two ways to go about with this depending upon your installation

a. If your esxi installation is new and/ or your evaluation license isstill valid, then go to the section that says Enable SNMPvia RCLI

b. If your esxi installation has been in production for a while / and oryou got a license installed and your evaluation period has expired then go tothe following section which is to enable SNMP via SSH. For this you will needto enable SSH first on your esxi host by following the steps detailed below.

Enabling SSH on your ESXI host.

Shutdown all your running VM’s on the esxi host and place the host on Maintenance mode.
Log onto your Esxi Console physically from the box by pressing F2
Type in your root password
Press ALT+ F1 to enter the Technical Support login. Beware that any changes from here will not be warranted for support with VMware. So please be careful and test this and practice on a test esxi host before going live with production.
Type unsupported and press enter
Type in your root password
at the prompt again and press enter
Now you need to edit the inetd.conf file. To do this type vi /etc/inetd.conf
Scroll down using your down arrow key sort of towards the end of the screen where you would see two lines starting with #ssh. Place the cursor on top of the # and press delete. Do this for the next line as well.
Now press SHIFT+: and type wq to save the file.
Now you will be back at your #prompt. To restart the service type services.sh restart.
Press ALT+F1 to return to the esxi host console page.
Press ESC to log off
Press F12 to initiate your restart of the esxi host.
You will be promoted for your root password and press enter.
Press F11 to restart the host.
Once the esxi host is up and running again use your favourite SSH client mine is Putty and WinSCP to test SSH connectivity to your esxi host.

Enabling SNMP via SSH on your ESXI host.

Once you got SSH running , download and install WinSCP on your workstation..
Open WinSCP and type in the details for your esxi host including IP address, root as the username and root password. Make sure you change connection type to SCP from default SFTP option as shown

Once logged in your WinSCP window will look like the follow. On the Esxi host side navigate to /etc/vmware and find the file called snmp.xml

Drag and drop the snmp.xml file from the right to the left of the screen.

Open the document with your favourite Notepad editor. I am using Notepad++

It would have the following default settings:

First and foremost make a copy of the file before editing it and save it with a different file name so that if something goes wrong you always have a copy of the original.
Now do the following editing to it and save it with same file name snmp.xml.

Save the file and now go back to WinSCP and drag the file from the left to the right and accept the warning message to overwrite the file

Once that is done restart your esxi host and test SNMP which will be followed up in the next section.

Enabling SNMP via RCLI ( Only works for NewInstallation of Esxi , Valuation License still valid state)

Download the Remote Command Line Interface from Vmware RCLI Download for Vsphere.
Install it on your workstation.
To start RCLI browse to your VMware folder under all programs and kick start the command line under vmware

At the command prompt type cd bin and then do a dir. This Directory has all the scripts that are required to run a variety of tasks on your esxi and esx servers.
Type the following command

vicfg-snmp.pl–server ESXISERVERIP -c SNMPCOMMUNITYSTRING -t MONITORINGSERVERIP@162_or_161/SNMPCOMMUNITYSTRING

To enable SNMP type vicfg-snmp.pl –server ESXISERVERIP –E
To show the running config of SNMP on your esxi server type vicfg-snmp.pl –server ESXISERVERIP –s
To test the SNMP confi type vicfg-snmp –server ESXISERVERIP –T

As you may have seen in the heading of this section this works only for newinstallation of esxi or those that have their Valuation license still valid (60Days). For those who don’t fall into the category the only option is to go withSSH and then enabling SNMP option.

You will see this error if you try via RCLI

This is because remote write permission is disabled on the free version ofesxi.

Now user your favourite SNMP monitoring station Cacti, Zenoss, Spiceworksthere are so many to start monitoring your Esxi environment.

Next post update on this will be to check on Cacti monitoring these ladies

I would really appreciate some feedback for this article as to if this canbe done in a simpler way or if there is a way to hack the write permissionissue for the free esxi hosts.

Enabling SNMP on VMware ESXiServers

The following procedure enables SNMP on VMware ESXi.

Notes:

The free version of VMware ESXi does not support SNMP.
The following procedure to enable SNMP requires the vSphere command line interface (CLI). The vSphere CLI is not packaged with your ESXi Server by default, so you will need to download it from VMware, as indicated.

To enable SNMP on VMware ESXi:

Download and install the VMware vSphere command line interface from the VMware Download Center (http://downloads.vmware.com/d/).
Use the vSphere CLI to view your ESXi server SNMP settings, as indicated in the following procedure:

In the Perl\bin directory of your vSphere installation, execute the following script:
perl ..\..\bin\vicfg-snmp.pl --server ip_address –s
Notes:

C:\Program Files\VMware\VMware vSphere CLI\Perl\bin is the default location of the vSphere Perl\bin directory.
Replace ip_address with the IP address of your ESXi server.

Enter an appropriate user name at the prompt.
Note: For most environments, root should be sufficient.
Enter the associated password at the prompt.

Use the vSphere CLI to enable SNMP on your ESXi server, as indicated in the following procedure:

In the Perl\bin directory of your vSphere installation, execute the following script to add an appropriate community string:
perl ..\..\bin\vicfg-snmp.pl --server ip_address -c cstring
Note: Replace ip_address with the IP address of your ESXi server, and replace cstring with the community string you are adding. For most environments, the community string public should be sufficient.
Enter an appropriate user name at the prompt.
Note: For most environments, root should be sufficient.
Enter the associated password at the prompt.
In the Perl\bin directory of your vSphere installation, execute the following script to enable SNMP:
perl ..\..\bin\vicfg-snmp.pl --server ip_address –E
Note: Replace ip_address with the IP address of your ESXi server.
Enter an appropriate user name at the prompt.
Note: For most environments, root should be sufficient.
Enter the associated password at the prompt.

Reboot your ESXi server to allow settings to take effect.

Aggingi bottone Blogthis! in picasa 3.9

2012-01-30T09:20:00.001-08:00

Picasa 3.9Add Photo Tray buttonsDiscover new features and add convenient buttons to the Photo Tray: Click Tools > Configure Buttons. Use the Add and Remove buttons to control which buttons display.Collage: Make a collage and share it with your friends and family. Experiment with six different types of collage, and maintain total control over your collage content and layout. Movie: Combine your photos, videos, and music into a movie and upload it directly to YouTube. BlogThis!: Post photos directly from Picasa to Blogger. Shop: Order prints from our online print partners.Use the Move Up and Move Down buttons to order them. Click the OK button to save the new settings.

Dbm di riferimento qualita wifi

2011-06-22T13:24:00.001-07:00

The signal strength for all received packets. The color of this parameter's progress bar provides a visual interpretation of signal strength.
Value:

•Excellent (green): -57 to -45 dBms (75 to 100%)

•Good (green): -75 to -58 dBms (40 to 74%)

• Fair (yellow): -85 to -76 dBms (20 to 39%)

• Poor (red): -95 to -86 dBms (0 to 19%)

•No Link

Organizzare musica.

2011-04-14T08:35:00.000-07:00

1- Finita l'era della musica senza nome grazie a < Jaikoz > programma in italiano in prova

Jaikoz è un complemento indispensabile per tutti coloro che vogliano tenere in ordine la propria libreria musicale, poiché è capace di cercare e copiare automaticamente i tag multimediali degli MP3 con titolo "Track 01" e "Unknown". Efficace, rapido e in italiano

Jaikoz è stata una di quelle scoperte che ti cambiano la vita. Hai presente quei terribili MP3 estratti da CD audio che hanno come titolo "Track 01", "Titolo sconosciuto" e "Unknown"? Hai mai desiderato un programma che faccia il lavoro di riconoscimento del contenuto e di ridenominazione al posto tuo? Se la risposta è sì, sarai felice di sapere che Jaikoz fa esattamente questo. E lo fa bene.

Per il download di Jaikoz 2.9.0 in italiano in prova
il link:
http://jaikoz.softonic.it/

--------------------------------------…

2- Scopri il titolo della canzone che stai ascoltando con < Tunatic > programma in inglese gratis

Tunatic riconosce artista e titolo di una canzone ascoltando una traccia da qualunque fonte audio

Molte volte guardando uno spot in TV, vedendo un video su YouTube, o ascoltando la radio in streaming ti sarà capitato di sentire un brano musicale e chiederti: "che canzone è? Chi la canta?". E con ogni probabilità non sarai riuscito a darti una risposta. Ma con Tunatic la musica (in tutti i sensi) cambia.

Per il download di Tunatic 1.0.1 b in inglese gratis
il link:
http://tunatic.softonic.it/
Fonti:
Personale - Rete

Create empty file in UNIX

2010-05-20T07:48:00.000-07:00

LINUX
dd if=/dev/urandom of=yourfilename bs=1M count=100

or
SOLARIS
dd if=/dev/urandom of=yourfilename bs=1 count=100

Compact Flash cards Speeds

2010-03-22T08:14:00.000-07:00

Flash memory devices are non-volatile and solid-state, and thus are more robust than disk drives. Cards consume around 5% of the power required by small disk drives and still have reasonable transfer rates of over 45 MB/s for the more expensive 'high speed' cards.[6]

Card speed is usually specified in "x" ratings, e.g. 8x, 20x, 133x. This is the same system used for CD-ROMs and gives the data rate as a multiple of the data rate of the first CD-ROMs (i.e. the data rate of an audio CD). The base rate is 150 kB/s, so for example, 20x = 20 * 150 kB/s = 3.0 MB/s.

The following table lists some common ratings and their respective maximum transfer rates.
Rating Speed (MB/s)
6x 0.9
32x 4.8
40x 6.0
66x 10.0
100x 15.0
133x 20.0
150x 22.5
200x 30.0 EXTREME3
266x 40.0 EXTREME4
280x 42.0
300x 45.0
333x 50.0
400x 60.0
433x 65.0
600x 90.0 UDMA
667x 100.0

FireFox keeps asking for Proxy Authentication

2010-03-17T04:34:00.000-07:00

1. close Firefox ***edit the java script file all.js

set the pref network.auth.force-generic-ntlm set to “true” in the following file:

c:\program files\mozilla firefox\greprefs\all.js
Restart Firefox

UBUNTU 9.10 resolution problems solved.

2010-03-06T08:46:00.001-08:00

The fastway.

cvt 1280 1024
# 1280x1024 59.89 Hz (CVT 1.31M4) hsync: 63.67 kHz; pclk: 109.00 MHz
Modeline "1280x1024_60.00" 109.00 1280 1368 1496 1712 1024 1027 1034 1063 -hsync +vsync

xrandr --newmode "1280x1024_60.00" 109.00 1280 1368 1496 1712 1024 1027 1034 1063 -hsync +vsync

xrandr --addmode VGA1 1280x1024_60.00

xrandr --output VGA1 --mode 1280x1024_60.00

Resetting an out-of-range resolution

If you set a resolution inappropriate for your monitor in the Screen Resolution GUI tool, you can reset it by running rm ~/.config/monitors.xml from a terminal.

Dynamically testing different resolutions

You can either use the Screen Resolution GUI tool to experiment with different resolutions, or the more powerful xrandr command-line tool:

  $ xrandr

shows you the names of different outputs available on your system (LVDS, VGA-0, etc.) and resolutions available on each:

Screen 0: minimum 320 x 200, current 1400 x 1050, maximum 1400 x 1400
VGA disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
LVDS connected 1400x1050+0+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 286mm x 214mm
 1400x1050      60.0*+   50.0
[...]

You can direct xrandr to set a different resolution like this:

  $ xrandr --output LVDS --mode 1024x768

The refresh rate may also be changed, either at the same time or independently:

  $ xrandr --output LVDS --mode 1024x768 --rate 75

Note that changes you make using xrandr only last through the current session. xrandr has a lot more capabilities - see man xrandr for details.

Adding undetected resolutions

Due to buggy hardware or drivers, your monitor's correct resolutions may not always be detected. For example, the EDID data block queried from your monitor may be incorrect.

If the mode already exists, but just isn't associated for the particular output, you can add it like this:

  $ xrandr --addmode S-video 800x600

If the mode doesn't yet exist, you'll need to create it first by specifying a modeline:

  $ xrandr --newmode

You may create a modeline using the gtf or cvt utility. For example, if you want to add a mode with resolution 800x600, you can enter the following command: (The output is shown following.)

  $ cvt 800 600
# 800x600 59.86 Hz (CVT 0.48M3) hsync: 37.35 kHz; pclk: 38.25 MHz
Modeline "800x600_60.00"   38.25  800 832 912 1024  600 603 607 624 -hsync +vsync

Then copy the information after the word "Modeline" into the xrandr command:

  $ xrandr --newmode "800x600_60.00"   38.25  800 832 912 1024  600 603 607 624 -hsync +vsync

Setting xrandr changes persistently

There are several ways to make xrandr customizations permanent from session to session: a) .xprofile, b) kdm/gdm, c) xorg.conf. Each of these mechanisms will be discussed in turn.

Setting xrandr commands in .xprofile

A user's ~/.xprofile file is executed on Xorg startup if it exists and is executable. You can copy and paste xrandr command line strings into this file so they're executed when you log in. For example:

  $ xrandr --output VGA-0 --mode 800x600

There are two disadvantages to using .xprofile for xrandr settings. First, it occurs fairly late in the startup process, so you'll see some resolution resizing during the initial screen draw; in some cases panel windows may resize improperly as a result. Second, as this is a per-user setting, it won't affect the resolutions of other users, nor will it alter the resolution on the login screen.

Setting xrandr commands in kdm/gdm startup scripts

Both KDM and GDM have startup scripts that are executed when X is initiated. For GDM, these are in /etc/gdm/ , while for KDM this is done at /etc/kde4/kdm/Xsetup. In either case, you can paste in an xrandr command line string into one of these scripts. For GDM, try putting them right before initctl -q emit login-session-start DISPLAY_MANAGER=gdm in /etc/gdm/Init/Default

This process requires root access and mucking around in system config files, but will take effect earlier in the startup process than using .xprofile, and will apply to all users including the login screen.

Setting resolution changes in xorg.conf

While xorg.conf is largely empty these days, it can still be used for setting up resolutions. For example:

Section "Monitor"
  Identifier      "External DVI"
  Modeline        "1280x1024_60.00"  108.88  1280 1360 1496 1712  1024 1025 1028 1060  -HSync +Vsync
  Option          "PreferredMode" "1280x1024_60.00"
EndSection
Section "Device"
  Identifier      "ATI Technologies, Inc. M22 [Radeon Mobility M300]"
  Driver          "ati"
  Option          "Monitor-DVI-0" "External DVI"
EndSection
Section "Screen"
  Identifier      "Primary Screen"
  Device          "ATI Technologies, Inc. M22 [Radeon Mobility M300]"
  DefaultDepth    24
  SubSection "Display"
      Depth           24
      Modes   "1280x1024" "1024x768" "640x480"
  EndSubSection
EndSection

Section "ServerLayout"
      Identifier      "Default Layout"
      Screen          "Primary Screen"
EndSection

See man xorg.conf for full details on how to craft an xorg.conf file.

Setting resolution changes in xorg.conf -- resolution lower than expected

Try this first

If you video card is recognized but the resolution is lower than you expect, you may try this.

Background: I use Ubuntu 9.0.4 x86, ATI X1550 based video card and two LCD monitors DELL 2408(up to 1920x1200) and Samsung 206BW(up to 1680x1050). Upon first login after installation, the resolution default to 1152x864. xrandr does not list any resolution higher than 1152x864. You may want to try editing /etc/X11/xorg.conf, add a section about virtual screen, logout, login and see if this helps. If not then read on.

Change the default xorg.conf

Section "Device"
      Identifier      "Configured Video Device"
EndSection

Section "Monitor"
      Identifier      "Configured Monitor"
EndSection

Section "Screen"
      Identifier      "Default Screen"
      Monitor         "Configured Monitor"
      Device          "Configured Video Device"
EndSection

Section "Monitor"
      Identifier      "Configured Monitor"
EndSection

Section "Screen"
      Identifier      "Default Screen"
      Monitor         "Configured Monitor"
      Device          "Configured Video Device"
->        SubSection "Display"
->                Virtual 3600 1200
->        EndSubSection
EndSection

Section "Device"
      Identifier      "Configured Video Device"
EndSection

About the numbers: I put DELL on the left and Samsung on the right. So the virtual width is of sum of both LCD width 3600=1920+1680; Height then is figured as the max of them, which is max(1200,1050)=1200. If you put one LCD above the other, use this calculation instead: (max(width1, width2), height1+height2).

If that does not help, here's what I did:

Use cvt/xrandr tool to add the highest mode the LCD can do

The actual order was different, as I tried to add new mode to one LCD at a time. Below is the combined/all-in-one quote

aa@aa-desktop:/$ cvt 1920 1200 60
# 1920x1200 59.88 Hz (CVT 2.30MA) hsync: 74.56 kHz; pclk: 193.25 MHz
Modeline "1920x1200_60.00"  193.25  1920 2056 2256 2592  1200 1203 1209 1245 -hsync +vsync
aa@aa-desktop:/$ cvt 1680 1050 60
# 1680x1050 59.95 Hz (CVT 1.76MA) hsync: 65.29 kHz; pclk: 146.25 MHz
Modeline "1680x1050_60.00"  146.25  1680 1784 1960 2240  1050 1053 1059 1089 -hsync +vsync
aa@aa-desktop:/$ xrandr --newmode "1920x1200_60.00"  193.25  1920 2056 2256 2592  1200 1203 1209 1245 -hsync +vsync
aa@aa-desktop:/$ xrandr --newmode "1680x1050_60.00"  146.25  1680 1784 1960 2240  1050 1053 1059 1089 -hsync +vsync
aa@aa-desktop:/$ xrandr --addmode DVI-1 "1920x1200_60.00"
aa@aa-desktop:/$ xrandr --addmode DVI-0 "1680x1050_60.00"

Preference -> Display">Goto Ubuntu Menu: System -> Preference -> Display

Change one of the LCD's resolution to a lower one, e.g. 800x600. Apply change, then (I don't remember the exact order/wording here:) hopefully the GUI will give you a prompt saying something like "the resolution can be improved but virtual screen has to be enabled, you need to however logout and log back in". I did it and on 2nd login, I am able to find the higher resolution listed for that LCD. After that I follow suite and make similar change to 2nd LCD and am able to get both of them working.

Add user ti SUDO

2010-03-04T05:50:00.001-08:00

To give a user the ability to use the “sudo” command you must add them to the “sudoers” file. Here’s how. Thanks to ubuntucat (see comment below) for the following suggestion! The easiest way to allow a user to sudo is to simply run the following command from the Terminal:

To open the Terminal:

Applications >> Accessories >> Terminal

Once the Terminal is open type:

sudo adduser username admin

This must be done from an account that already has sudo abilities or else from the root account.

If for some reason you have to manually edit the “sudoers” file keep reading!

Open the file “sudoers” located at /etc/sudoers using your favorite text editor. You must have root permissions to be able to edit this file so you will want to open your editor from the command line.

To use gedit you would do the following:

Open the Terminal and type:

sudo gedit /etc/sudoers

If you want to use vim you can simply enter the following into the Terminal:

sudo visudo

Once you have the sudoers file open, scroll down to the line:

root ALL = (ALL) ALL

Add the folling line below the root line (replacing “user” with the name of the account you wish to give sudo access to)

user ALL = (ALL) ALL

Save and close the file. The new user has now been added to the “sudoers” file and can use the “sudo” command.

Nagios Ubuntu Install

2010-03-04T05:49:00.001-08:00

Introduction

This guide is intended to provide you with simple instructions on how to install Nagios from source (code) on Ubuntu and have it monitoring your local machine inside of 20 minutes. No advanced installation options are discussed here - just the basics that will work for 95% of users who want to get started.

These instructions were written based on an Ubuntu 6.10 (desktop) installation. They should work for an Ubuntu 7.10 install as well.

What You'll End Up With

If you follow these instructions, here's what you'll end up with:

Nagios and the plugins will be installed underneath /usr/local/nagios
Nagios will be configured to monitor a few aspects of your local system (CPU load, disk usage, etc.)
The Nagios web interface will be accessible at http://localhost/nagios/

Required Packages

Make sure you've installed the following packages on your Ubuntu installation before continuing.

Apache 2
PHP
GCC compiler and development libraries
GD development libraries

You can use apt-get to install these packages by running the following commands:

sudo apt-get install apache2

sudo apt-get install libapache2-mod-php5

sudo apt-get install build-essential

With Ubuntu 6.10, install the gd2 library with this command:

sudo apt-get install libgd2-dev

With Ubuntu 7.10, the gd2 library name has changed, so you'll need to use the following:

sudo apt-get install libgd2-xpm-dev

1) Create Account Information

Become the root user.

sudo -s

Create a new nagios user account and give it a password.

/usr/sbin/useradd -m -s /bin/bash nagios

passwd nagios

On older Ubuntu server editions (6.01 and earlier), you will need to also add a nagios group (it's not created by default). You should be able to skip this step on desktop, or newer server editions of Ubuntu.

/usr/sbin/groupadd nagios

/usr/sbin/usermod -G nagios nagios

Create a new nagcmd group for allowing external commands to be submitted through the web interface. Add both the nagios user and the apache user to the group.

/usr/sbin/groupadd nagcmd

/usr/sbin/usermod -a -G nagcmd nagios

/usr/sbin/usermod -a -G nagcmd www-data

2) Download Nagios and the Plugins

Create a directory for storing the downloads.

mkdir ~/downloads

cd ~/downloads

Download the source code tarballs of both Nagios and the Nagios plugins (visit http://www.nagios.org/download/ for links to the latest versions). These directions were tested with Nagios 3.1.1 and Nagios Plugins 1.4.11.

wget http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/nagios/nagios-3.2.0.tar.gz

wget http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/nagiosplug/nagios-plugins-1.4.11.tar.gz

3) Compile and Install Nagios

Extract the Nagios source code tarball.

cd ~/downloads

tar xzf nagios-3.2.0.tar.gz

cd nagios-3.2.0

Run the Nagios configure script, passing the name of the group you created earlier like so:

./configure --with-command-group=nagcmd

Compile the Nagios source code.

make all

Install binaries, init script, sample config files and set permissions on the external command directory.

make install

make install-init

make install-config

make install-commandmode

Don't start Nagios yet - there's still more that needs to be done...

4) Customize Configuration

Sample configuration files have now been installed in the /usr/local/nagios/etc directory. These sample files should work fine for getting started with Nagios. You'll need to make just one change before you proceed...

Edit the /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/contacts.cfg config file with your favorite editor and change the email address associated with the nagiosadmin contact definition to the address you'd like to use for receiving alerts.

vi /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/contacts.cfg

5) Configure the Web Interface

Install the Nagios web config file in the Apache conf.d directory.

make install-webconf

Create a nagiosadmin account for logging into the Nagios web interface. Remember the password you assign to this account - you'll need it later.

htpasswd -c /usr/local/nagios/etc/htpasswd.users nagiosadmin

Restart Apache to make the new settings take effect.

/etc/init.d/apache2 reload

Note: Consider implementing the ehanced CGI security measures described here to ensure that your web authentication credentials are not compromised.

6) Compile and Install the Nagios Plugins

Extract the Nagios plugins source code tarball.

cd ~/downloads

tar xzf nagios-plugins-1.4.11.tar.gz

cd nagios-plugins-1.4.11

Compile and install the plugins.

./configure --with-nagios-user=nagios --with-nagios-group=nagios

make

make install

7) Start Nagios

Configure Nagios to automatically start when the system boots.

ln -s /etc/init.d/nagios /etc/rcS.d/S99nagios

Verify the sample Nagios configuration files.

/usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios -v /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg

If there are no errors, start Nagios.

/etc/init.d/nagios start

8) Login to the Web Interface

You should now be able to access the Nagios web interface at the URL below. You'll be prompted for the username (nagiosadmin) and password you specified earlier.

http://localhost/nagios/

Click on the "Service Detail" navbar link to see details of what's being monitored on your local machine. It will take a few minutes for Nagios to check all the services associated with your machine, as the checks are spread out over time.

9) Other Modifications

If you want to receive email notifications for Nagios alerts, you need to install the mailx (Postfix) package.

sudo apt-get install mailx

sudo apt-get install postfix

You'll have to edit the Nagios email notification commands found in /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/commands.cfg and change any '/bin/mail' references to '/usr/bin/mail'. Once you do that you'll need to restart Nagios to make the configuration changes live.

sudo /etc/init.d/nagios restart

Configuring email notifications is outside the scope of this documentation. Refer to your system documentation, search the web, or look to the Nagios Support Portal or Nagios Community Wiki for specific instructions on configuring your Ubuntu system to send email messages to external addresses.

Configure a Management Interface for 3550 and 3750 Series Switches

2010-01-27T08:03:00.000-08:00

On Catalyst 3550 and 3750 series switches that run Cisco IOS Software, any routable interface can be used for management. There are three options to configure this interface.

Option 1—Configure a loopback interface for switch management. There are a few advantages to a loopback interface. A loopback is a virtual interface that is always up. Packets that are routed to the loopback interface are rerouted back to the L3 switch or router and processed locally. IP packets that are routed out the loopback interface but are not destined to the loopback interface are dropped. This means that the loopback interface serves as the null 0 interface also. The loopback interface serves as the router ID for OSPF and so on. This example uses loopback 0:

Switch#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
Switch(config)#interface loopback 0
Switch(config-if)#ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.255

!--- The loopback interface should have a 32-bit subnet mask, which means that
!--- the 10.1.1.1 address is the only destination address in this subnet.

Switch(config-if)#end
Switch#

You must also configure a routing protocol to distribute the subnet that is assigned to the loopback address or create a static route.

Option 2—Configure the interface as an L3 routed interface with an IP address. All interfaces on a Catalyst 3550 or 3750 switch that runs Cisco IOS Software are L2 by default. In order to make an L2 interface an L3 interface, issue the no switchport command and then configure an IP address. All interfaces are enabled by default, so you do not need to issue the no shutdown command. This example uses Fast Ethernet 2/0/1 on a Catalyst 3750:

Switch#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
Switch(config)#interface fastethernet 2/0/1
Switch(config-if)#no switchport
Switch(config-if)#ip address 11.1.1.1 255.0.0.0
Switch(config-if)#end
Switch#

If you issue the show running-config interface fastethernet 2/0/1 command, this output displays:

Switch#show running-config interface fastethernet 2/0/1
Building configuration...
Current configuration : 81 bytes
!
interface FastEthernet2/0/1
no switchport
ip address 11.1.1.1 255.0.0.0
end
Switch#

Option 3—Configure an L2 interface as a part of a specific VLAN. Issue the switchport mode access command and the switchport access vlan vlan-id command, and use a corresponding SVI with an IP address.

Complete these steps:

Issue these commands:

Switch(config)#interface vlan 1

!--- Interface VLAN 1 is an SVI.

Switch(config-if)#ip address 10.1.1.1 255.0.0.0
Switch(config-if)#no shut

Note: This example uses VLAN 1 as the management VLAN. VLAN 1 is in the VLAN database by default.

Issue the switchport mode access command under the desired physical interface if you want confirmation that the interface is an access switch port.

By default, all interfaces are L2 interfaces and are access switch ports in VLAN 1. If you plan to use VLAN 1 as the management VLAN, no configuration is necessary under the interface. But if you want confirmation in the configuration that the interface is indeed an access switch port, you need to use the switchport mode access command.

This example uses Fast Ethernet 2/0/1:
```
Switch(config)#interface fastethernet 2/0/1
Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access
Switch(config-if)#end
```
If you issue the show run interface fastethernet 2/0/1 command, this output now displays:
```
Switch#show run interface fastethernet 2/0/1
Building configuration...
Current configuration : 59 bytes
!
interface FastEthernet2/0/1
switchport mode access
end
Switch#
```
If you want to change the management interface from the default VLAN 1 to another VLAN, issue the interface vlan vlan-id command in order to create a new SVI.

You must then issue the switchport access vlan vlan-id command in order to configure an L2 interface to be a part of the new VLAN. This example demonstrates this process:
```
Switch(config)#interface vlan 2
Switch(config-if)#ip address 20.1.1.1 255.0.0.0
Switch(config-if)#no shut

!--- Configure an interface to access the new management VLAN.

Switch(config)#interface fastethernet 2/0/1
Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 2
Switch(config-if)#end
Switch#
```
If you issue the show run interface fastethernet 2/0/1 command, this output now displays:
```
Switch#show run interface fastethernet 2/0/1
Building configuration...
Current configuration : 85 bytes
!
interface FastEthernet2/0/1
switchport access vlan 2
switchport mode access
end
Switch#
```
In order for the switch to access remote networks, you must have either:
- A default gateway that is set for the next hop router that is directly connected to the switch
- A dynamic routing protocol configured
If you are not routing IP, issue the ip default-gateway ip-address command in order to configure a gateway router IP address.

If you plan to configure dynamic routing, keep in mind that IP routing is disabled by default. You must issue the global ip routing command in order to enable IP routing. Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is the only dynamic routing protocol that is supported when you use the Standard Multilayer Software Image (SMI). The Enhanced Multilayer Software Image (EMI) is required for Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP), Enhanced IGRP (EIGRP), OSPF, and Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) support. In order to configure dynamic routing, use the router routing_protocol command. Issue the show ip route command in order to view the status of the routing table.

Catalyst 2900-XL and 3500-XL Password Recovery Procedure

2010-01-27T07:20:00.000-08:00

Description

This document describes the password recovery procedure for the Cisco Catalyst 2900-XL and the Cisco Catalyst 3500-XL.

Step-by-Step Procedure
Attach a terminal or PC with terminal emulation to the console port of the switch. Use the following terminal settings:

9600 baud rate
No parity
8 data bits
No stop bit

Unplug the power cable.
Hold down the mode button while reconnecting the power cord to the switch. You can release the mode button a second or two after the LED above port 1x is no longer illuminated.

The following instructions appear:
The system has been interrupted prior to initializing the flash file system.
The following commands will initialize the flash file system, and finish loading
the operating system software:
   
flash_init
load_helper
boot
Type flash_init.

Type load_helper.
Type dir flash:.
The switch file system is displayed:
Directory of flash:
2 -rwx 843947 Mar 01 1993 00:02:18 C2900XL-h-mz-112.8-SA
4 drwx   3776 Mar 01 1993 01:23:24 html
66 -rwx    130 Jan 01 1970 00:01:19 env_vars
68 -rwx 1296   Mar 01 1993 06:55:51 config.text
1728000 bytes total (456704 bytes free)
Type rename flash:config.text flash:config.old to rename the configuration file.
This file contains the password definition.

Type boot to boot the system.

Enter N at the prompt to start the Setup program, Continue with the configuration dialog? [yes/no] : N

At the switch prompt type en to turn on enable mode.

Type rename flash:config.old flash:config.text to rename the configuration file with its original name.
Copy the configuration file into memory:
Switch# copy flash:config.text system:running-config
Source filename [config.text]? (press Return)
Destination filename [running-config]? (press Return)    
The configuration file is now reloaded.
Change the password:
switch#configure terminal
switch(config)#enable password Cisco
switch#control/Z
Write the running configuration to the configuration file:
switch(config)#write memory

Proxy Problem WINDOWS 7

2010-01-26T01:37:00.000-08:00

I managed to how to bypass this problem, I did not find out what proxy is used here, but I used the following steps to solve the problem:

"The problem is the autentificación NTLM of Windows7. It is necessary to create the following key in the registry to solve it (I'm using Squid Version 3.0.STABLE8 in Debian Lenny):

1. In HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Lsa
If it doesn’t exist, create a DWORD value named LmCompatibilityLevel and set the value to 1 to use LM NTLM and NTLMv2 if is negociated, this is
Also it works establishing the value to 0, and 3 though for more safety the value using 3 though with old operating systems it will not work on having used obligatorily NTLMv2.

2. Reboot

To follow the link for more information: http://technet.microsoft.com/es-es/magazine/2006.08.securitywatch(en-us).aspx"

Source: http://www.nabble.com/Windows-7-beta-and-NTLM-td21377271.html

This worked well, now I'm able to connect in internet through proxy server.

Thanks

Change Ubuntu Server from DHCP to a Static IP Address

2009-11-23T11:11:00.000-08:00

If the Ubuntu Server installer has set your server to use DHCP, you will want to change it to a static IP address so that people can actually use it.

Changing this setting without a GUI will require some text editing, but that’s classic linux, right?

Let’s open up the /etc/network/interfaces file. I’m going to use vi, but you can choose a different editor

sudo vi /etc/network/interfaces

For the primary interface, which is usually eth0, you will see these lines:

auto eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp

As you can see, it’s using DHCP right now. We are going to change dhcp to static, and then there are a number of options that should be added below it. Obviously you’d customize this to your network.

auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 192.168.1.100
netmask 255.255.255.0
network 192.168.1.0
broadcast 192.168.1.255
gateway 192.168.1.1

Now we’ll need to add in the DNS settings by editing the resolv.conf file:

sudo vi /etc/resolv.conf

On the line ‘name server xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx’ replace the x with the IP of your name server. (You can do ifconfig /all to find out what they are)

You need to also remove the dhcp client for this to stick (thanks to Peter for noticing). You might need to remove dhcp-client3 instead.

sudo apt-get remove dhcp-client

Now we’ll just need to restart the networking components:

sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart

Ping www.google.com. If you get a response, name resolution is working(unless of course if google is in your hosts file).

Really pretty simple.

Mandare Link ED2k verso un amule su un altro computer.

2009-11-07T10:12:00.000-08:00

Windows

Make sure aMule is installed with the aMuleCMD option checked.

We need a batch script to handle the ed2k links from the browser, and we need to add some keys to the registry to make the browser recognize the ed2k links.

Create a file named ed2k_remote.bat containing the following code:

@echo off
set link=%1
for /f "useback tokens=*" %%a in ('%link%') do set link=%%~a
"c:\Program Files\aMule\amulecmd.exe" /h server /P pass /c "add %link%"

Don't forget to replace server and pass with your data and save the file in your aMule directory C:\Program Files\aMule.

Create a file named ed2k_remote.reg containing the following code:

REGEDIT4

[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\ed2k]
@="URL: ed2k Protocol"
"URL Protocol"=""

[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\ed2k\DefaultIcon]
@="C:\\Program Files\\aMule\\amulegui.exe"

[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\ed2k\shell]
@="open"

[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\ed2k\shell\open]

[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\ed2k\shell\open\command]
@="\"C:\\Program Files\\aMule\\ed2k_remote.bat\" \"%1\""

Save the file and run it (double click) to add these keys to the registry.

Internet Explorer

You should be OK with just the changes to the registry and the batch script in your aMule directory.

Firefox

The first time you click an ed2k link in Firefox you will get the following dialog:

Tick the Remember box and click OK.

Opera

Open the preferences window and click the Programs tab

Click the Add... button

Make Opera aware of the ed2k link protocol with these settings:

Mass Storage.

2009-01-21T14:41:00.000-08:00

.....cosi metto tutto in un posto GIGANTE! eppure cosi piccolo.....
Tutto cio' e' poetico.....lui e' li che sfrulla con la sua ventola.......e CONTIENE TUTTO.........ogni tanto grugnisce silenziosamente....accende le sue lucine al ritmo mitralico del bit....
e finche ce' corrente LUI E' LI!!!! (ma anche se gliela togli e gliela ridai....alle volte E' LI!)

LCD Panel Technology Explained

2009-01-21T06:05:00.000-08:00

There are many different panel technologies used in the production of LCD monitors. They range from budget TN panels to expensive, professional quality S-IPS and S-PVA panels. The average consumer usually has no idea what panel technology is used in their LCD. In fact, many power users are also unaware, simply because the panel type is rarely listed by the manufacturer in the monitor specifications. Many users buy monitors based on price and size. Price should be a factor, but you should still know the advantages and disadvantages of the different LCD panel types and be able to identify them before you decide which LCD to purchase.

IPS Panel Technology
S-IPS/H-IPS (In Plane Switching) panels are generally considered the best overall LCD technology for image quality, color accuracy and viewing angles, but this comes at a price. They are well suited for graphics design and other applications which require accurate and consistent color reproduction. S-IPS panels offer the best viewing angles of any current LCD technology, with wide viewing angles up to 178 degress. The response time of S-IPS is adequate, ranging from 6ms to 16ms with current panels. This is only slightly slower than TN panels. However, gamers should take this into consideration. Fast paced games may suffer from motion blur or ghosting with S-IPS panels that have a response time higher than 8ms. S-IPS panels can be identified buy a slight purple hue on blacks when viewed from a wide angle. There are currently few manufacturers using S-IPS panels in comparison to the other panels types making choices limited and they often carry a premium price tag. H-IPS is a newer variation of S-IPS with a different pixel structure that improves contrast ratios and lowers pixel pitch to provide better picture quality.

Two of the most popular widescreen S-IPS monitors are the NEC 20WMGX2 and Dell 2007WFP. The NEC 20WMGX2 monitor uses an AS-IPS panel (basically a custom S-IPS panel made specifically for NEC), has a 6ms response time, glossy coating and includes a TV tuner and speaker bar. The price of the 20WMGX2 ranges from $500-$600. The Dell 2007WFP is much more affordable at around $350, but you are not guranteed an S-IPS panel and it has less features. Unfortunately Dell uses two panel types in this monitor. S-IPS and S-PVA. It is a completely random process so there is no way to know which panel you will receive. However, due to the much lower price of the 2007WFP many are willing to take the risk for a cheap widescreen S-IPS panel. To find more S-IPS panels see our Comprehensive List of S-IPS Based LCD Monitors.

VA Panel Technology
VA (Vertical Alignment) technology such as S-PVA/MVA are middle of the road LCD panels. They offer better color reproduction and wider viewing angles than TN panels, but have slower response times. They are very similar to S-IPS on paper. They also offer large viewing angles and good color reproduction, though not as good as S-IPS. The response times are generally worse than TN or S-IPS panels and there have been reports of a few panels that suffer from input lag, so VA technology may not be the best choice for fast paced gaming. VA panels have the advantage of higher contrast ratios compared to other panel types, which leads to better black levels. The biggest disadvantage of VA based panels is color shifting. Color shifting is when the image viewed from one angle changes or "shifts" when viewed from a slightly different angle, making various uneven brightness levels across the display. This bothers many users to the point they will not even consider buying a VA based panel, while other users don't notice/aren't bothered by the color shifting. Color shifts also cause a loss of shadow detail in dark scenes when viewed directly from the center. VA panels are much easier to find compared to IPS because so many manufacturers use them. They offer better image quality than TN at lower price than IPS based panels.

TN Panel Technology
TN (Twisted Nematic) panels are the most widely used panel type as they are cheap and offer excellent response times, making them perfect for fast paced gaming. The response times of current TN panels range from 2ms to 5ms. However, color reproduction, viewing angles and contrast ratios of TN panels are the worst of any LCD panel technology. Unlike most 8-bit S-IPS/S-PVA/MVA panels, TN panels are only 6-bit and unable to display the full 16.7 million colors available in 24-bit true color. They can mimick the 16.7 million colors of 8-bit panels using a technique called dithering, but the results are unimpressive. TN panels have become popular with the average user because they are very inexpensive. They are also the only panels currently being used in 22" widescreen monitors, a very popular size. Many of these 22" TN panels are around the same price or cheaper than other 20" monitors with different panel types, so it is easy to see how how they gained popularity. Afterall, the average user buys a monitor based on price and size.

Update: Other panel types are now starting to be used in 22" displays, though the majority are still TN.

Summary of LCD Panel Technology
* S-IPS/H-IPS panels are generally considered the best all around panel type, but they are more expensive and very few are made. High end, expensive.
* S-PVA/MVA panels offer better color reproduction and viewing angles than TN panels, have slightly worse response times than TN or S-IPS, offer the best contrast ratios, may suffer from color shifting or input lag and have higher availability than S-IPS panels. Mid range, fair price.
* TN panels are very cheap and have the fastest response times, but suffer from inferior color reproduction, contrast ratios and viewing angles. Low end, inexpensive.

UH!

2009-01-21T05:02:00.000-08:00

CaraMella, mortaDella....mandaRino

Sunny 16 Rule.

2008-10-08T01:47:00.000-07:00

In photography, the sunny 16 rule (or, less often, the "sunny f/16 rule") is a method to estimate correct daylight exposures without using a light meter.The basic sunny 16 rule, applicable on a sunny day, is this:

Set aperture to f/16 and shutter speed (reciprocal seconds) to ISO film speed. For example, for ISO 100 film, choose shutter speed of 1/100 second (or 1/125 second)

The elaborated form of the sunny 16 rule for more general situations is:

Set the shutter speed to the setting nearest to the ISO film speed
Set the f-number according to the table below:

Aperture	Lighting Conditions	Shadow Detail
f/16	Sunny	Distinct
f/11	Slight Overcast	Soft around edges
f/8	Overcast	Barely visible
f/5.6	Heavy Overcast	No shadows
f/4	Sunset

For example, to shoot ISO 100 film in sunny conditions, set the shutter speed to 1/100 or 1/125 and the f-stop to f/16. With ISO 200 film, set the speed to 1/200 or 1/250. For ISO 400 film, 1/400 or 1/500. As with other light readings, the shutter speed can be changed, as long as the f-number is compensated. For example, 1/250th of a second at f/11 would be equivalent to 1/125th at f/16.

The Shower - La Doccia

2008-06-30T12:20:00.000-07:00

La doccia e' uno strumento importante nella vita degli umani. E' lo strumento che declama la fine di una giornata bella o brutta che sia. Le emozioni, la rabbia,lo stress scivolano giù per le pareti fino al buio dello scarico, lasciandoci con quel sapore agro-dolce di "missione compiuta".

Qualcuno potrebbe obbiettare: " e chi se la fa la mattina?" Beh e' fortunato ad avere il tempo la mattina di riavviarsi di fresco.

Shower is an important tool in a human's life. This tool tells us when the end of a cool or "sucky" day comes. Emotions, anger and stress just slide down the walls and in the drain darkness, leaving us with a sweet & sour taste of "mission accomplished"

Someone could ask: "..and what about people that shower in the morning?" Well I can tell them they are lucky to have the time to do it and freshly reboot...if you know what i mean!

Problema Giovani + Alcool + Droghe = Incidenti

2007-11-08T02:30:00.000-08:00

Cari governanti, voi sarete anche illuminati da una grande saccenza, ma alle volte mi sembra che vi perdete in un bicchiere d'acqua. Quando eravate bambini e vi si proibiva qualcosa voi cosa facevate?....... E' cosi anche a 70-80-90 anni (che piu' o meno e' la vostra eta media). Lo e' ancora di piu' a 20-30-40. Quindi vi propongo di pensare alla proposta che mi e' venuta in mente nelle mie lunghe ore in tangenziale ( per il problema traffico e inquinamento poi vi spiego cosa dovete fare ;-)):
Creiamo delle cittadelle del divertimento. In pratica concentrate i locali, le discoteche, i locali sexy, i ristoranti, i coffie shop e i bar in una unica località facilmente raggiungibile con dei bei parcheggi (gratis). Poi vanno create delle strutture per far passare la notte ai giovan.i Una specie di cell hotel alla giapponese o ostello che costano 10-15 euro a notte dove le persone devastate dall'alcool e le droghe possano dormire la notte e affrontare la via del ritorno il giorno dopo con la mente piu' lucida.
La concentrazione del divertimento poi vi darebbe la possibilita' di controllare con piu facilita le persone non in condizione di guidare. In poche parole dovete dare la possibilita' di divertirsi in sicurezza. Insomma continuate a dire che siete li per noi, che vi prendete cura di noi e poi tutto quello che fate e' castigare se non facciamo come dite voi non e' quello che faceva la mamma con voi piu o meno un secolo fa quando eravate bambini? La punizione servia???

i vantaggi della cosa:

meno gente in giro ubriaca\drogata meno incidenti.
se i locali si spostano dalla città non ci saranno piu lamentele per gli schiamazzi
Prendete in mano voi la vendita delle droghe. togliete soldi alla mafia e li reinvestite in ricerca e strutture ospedaliere.
non piu' prostitute per strada ma in un ambiente controllato
tutti pagherebbero le tasse (ovviamente dovreste agevolare a livello fiscale chi sposta il proprio locale nella cittadella del divertimento)

beh io la proposta l'ho fatta. e non sono illuminato come voi....forza dai un po di impegno.

Estinzione?

2007-11-05T02:08:00.000-08:00

Facciamo una piccola analisi della nostra situazione. "Nostra" intesa come umani ospiti di un pianeta meraviglioso. Ci riuniamo in grandi centri abitati, dove una una coscienza globale ci detta le leggi della nostra vita. Sfruttiamo tutte le risorse che la madre terra ci fornisce, ovviamente non in maniera intelligente (inquinamento, esperimenti nucleari, giochiamo a dio con il DNA, etc).
Fra di noi l'unica legge che domina e' quella del piu forte. Se dobbiamo scegliere fra una ciambella in meno per noi e la vita di un altro....CIAMBELLA OVVIAMENTE. Insomma ci vedo veramente poco di buono nella nostra specie. Potrei andare avanti per pagine e pagine ad elencare tutte le malefatte. Il bene che si fa e' cosi limitato che si perde in mezzo a tutto lo schifo.
Lo so, e' un discorso trito e ritrito. Ad ascoltarmi si potrebbe pensare che sono uno hippie abbraccia alberi, non e' cosi!
I nemici di 007 che volevano distruggere il mondo in ogni film non hanno tutto questo torto. Povera umanita' le occasioni le ha avute, ma si sa', la strada della perdizione (estinzione) e' piu' agevole di quella Giusta.

Il Formato delle foto digitali in Stampa

2007-10-09T02:39:00.000-07:00

Le immagini scattate con le fotocamere digitali hanno un rapporto tra i lati di 3:4 (es. 480 PIXEL x 640 PIXEL), viceversa le fotocamere a pellicola più diffuse (formato 35mm) e alcune digitali professionali producono immagini con rapporto tra i lati di 2:3. Questa differenza comporta la necessità di offrire formati di stampa adatti per ambedue le proporzioni.
Per esempio la mia canon 30d (reflex) genera foto da 2336x3504 il rapporto e' di 0,66666666666666666666666666666667
Infatti 2:3 =0,66666666666666666666666666666667
Quindi formati buoni da adoperare sono per esempio: 10x15 oppure 20x30

Nelle fotocamere compatte digitali invece (per esempio uso una canon a570 IS) il formato delle foto e' 2304x3072 il cui rapporto e' pari a 0.75.
Infatti 3:4=0,75
Quindi formati buoni da adoperare sono per esempio:15x20 oppure 30x40

Quando si va a far sviluppare le foto va sempre specificato il rapporto che vuoi e questo ti dovrebbe evitare brutte sorprese con le foto stampate.

Cambiamenti

2007-09-27T03:06:00.000-07:00

Perche' e' cosi difficile cambiare? Uscire dalla routine che ti avvolge e coccola e ti fa sentire sicuro..... ma che come la maga circe, piano piano ti succhia la vita (e non il cazzo come dovrebbe), fino a farti diventare uno zombie televisivo dedito all'assorbimento delle porcherie che ci propongono.......

La consapevolezza della vita che sfugge, senza mai portare a termine niente, senza mai vivere un momento di gloria, e' una situazione peggiore del essere apaticamente ignorante. Vivo questa consapevolezza e sto zitto, immobile, crogiolato dalla mia amica routine e noia....

In Studio con Erica.

2007-07-04T06:56:00.000-07:00

Quest' anno sto seguendo un corso di fotografia con Max Spinolo. Ieri e' stato una vera emozione; abbiamo scattato in studio con un a modella (Erica appunto). Posto qualche foto e qualche link utile se site interessati ai vari corsi organizzati dall'associazione il Tempo Ritrovavato.

Il Tempo Ritrovato corsi di vario tipo.
Erica.
In studio.

Mostra HELMUT NEWTON Milano.

2007-07-04T06:55:00.000-07:00

Una mostra meravigliosa, che porta lo spettatore in un modo elegantemente fetish, ma allo stesso tempo ci immergiamo in paesaggi catturati nel loro istante piu' bello. Newton coglie l'essenza dei terrestri e la congela in questi affreschi surreali. Sono rimasto sconvolto per l'intera giornata. Una volta usciti le immagini continuano a tornare con flash prepotenti.

HELMUT NEWTON
SEX AND LANDSCAPE

Video "Et Lux Fuit"

2007-07-04T06:52:00.000-07:00

Questo insieme di foto fanno parte del reportage fatto per il corso avanzato di fotografia tenuto da Max Spinolo per l'organizzazione "il Tempo Ritrovato". Ci siamo riunuti in piazza d'uomo e l'argomento del reportage era "DETTAGLI". Io ho scelto le Lampade e l'illuminazione urbana. Il risultato e' il video che potete sscaricare in alta risoluzione oppure visualizzate su Youtube o google video. Il brano musicale adottato e' di Pat Boone "Love Letters in the Sand".

LINK:
Filmato in alta risoluzione. (36Mb)
Filmato su youtbe.
Filmato su gooogle video.

Video "Didgeridoo".

2007-07-04T06:47:00.000-07:00

Questa serie di immagini sono state scattate da Matteo, stavamo cercando di simulare il bullet time in modo artigianale. Montaando le immagini su un tempo molto breve ci siamo accorti che il risultato non era male. Casualmente in background c'era un brano di Aphex Twin che sembrava fatto apposta per il pezzo. Ed ecco il risultato. Per la cronaca il pazzo che si agita sono io.

LINK:
Filmato Sperimentale